phpinfo()
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PHP Version 5.6.40

System Windows NT iZ4r4b31413jd2Z 10.0 build 14393 (Windows Server 2016) AMD64
Build Date Jan 9 2019 15:05:36
Compiler MSVC11 (Visual C++ 2012)
Architecture x64
Configure Command cscript /nologo configure.js "--enable-snapshot-build" "--enable-debug-pack" "--disable-zts" "--disable-isapi" "--disable-nsapi" "--without-mssql" "--without-pdo-mssql" "--without-pi3web" "--with-pdo-oci=c:\php-sdk\oracle\x64\instantclient_12_1\sdk,shared" "--with-oci8-12c=c:\php-sdk\oracle\x64\instantclient_12_1\sdk,shared" "--with-enchant=shared" "--enable-object-out-dir=../obj/" "--enable-com-dotnet=shared" "--with-mcrypt=static" "--without-analyzer" "--with-pgo"
Server API CGI/FastCGI
Virtual Directory Support disabled
Configuration File (php.ini) Path C:\Windows
Loaded Configuration File D:\PHPWEB\php\php.ini
Scan this dir for additional .ini files (none)
Additional .ini files parsed (none)
PHP API 20131106
PHP Extension 20131226
Zend Extension 220131226
Zend Extension Build API220131226,NTS,VC11
PHP Extension Build API20131226,NTS,VC11
Debug Build no
Thread Safety disabled
Zend Signal Handling disabled
Zend Memory Manager enabled
Zend Multibyte Support provided by mbstring
IPv6 Support enabled
DTrace Support disabled
Registered PHP Streamsphp, file, glob, data, http, ftp, zip, compress.zlib, compress.bzip2, https, ftps, phar
Registered Stream Socket Transportstcp, udp, ssl, sslv3, tls, tlsv1.0, tlsv1.1, tlsv1.2
Registered Stream Filtersconvert.iconv.*, mcrypt.*, mdecrypt.*, string.rot13, string.toupper, string.tolower, string.strip_tags, convert.*, consumed, dechunk, zlib.*, bzip2.*
Zend logo This program makes use of the Zend Scripting Language Engine:
Zend Engine v2.6.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies

Configuration

bcmath

BCMath support enabled
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
bcmath.scale00

bz2

BZip2 Support Enabled
Stream Wrapper support compress.bzip2://
Stream Filter support bzip2.decompress, bzip2.compress
BZip2 Version 1.0.6, 6-Sept-2010

calendar

Calendar support enabled

cgi-fcgi

DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
cgi.check_shebang_line11
cgi.discard_path00
cgi.fix_pathinfo11
cgi.force_redirect00
cgi.nph00
cgi.redirect_status_envno valueno value
cgi.rfc2616_headers00
fastcgi.impersonate11
fastcgi.logging11

Core

PHP Version 5.6.40
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
allow_url_fopenOnOn
allow_url_includeOffOff
always_populate_raw_post_data00
arg_separator.input&&
arg_separator.output&&
asp_tagsOffOff
auto_append_fileno valueno value
auto_globals_jitOnOn
auto_prepend_fileno valueno value
browscapno valueno value
default_charsetUTF-8UTF-8
default_mimetypetext/htmltext/html
disable_classesno valueno value
disable_functionsexec,system,passthru,popen,pclose,shell_exec,proc_open,dl,chmodexec,system,passthru,popen,pclose,shell_exec,proc_open,dl,chmod
display_errorsOffOff
display_startup_errorsOffOff
doc_rootno valueno value
docref_extno valueno value
docref_rootno valueno value
enable_dlOffOff
enable_post_data_readingOnOn
error_append_stringno valueno value
error_logsyslogsyslog
error_prepend_stringno valueno value
error_reporting022527
exit_on_timeoutOffOff
expose_phpOnOn
extension_dir./ext./ext
file_uploadsOnOn
highlight.comment#FF8000#FF8000
highlight.default#0000BB#0000BB
highlight.html#000000#000000
highlight.keyword#007700#007700
highlight.string#DD0000#DD0000
html_errorsOnOn
ignore_repeated_errorsOffOff
ignore_repeated_sourceOffOff
ignore_user_abortOffOff
implicit_flushOffOff
include_path.;C:\php\pear;D:\wwwroot\yyjg.net\wwwroot\core/Extend/Vendor/.;C:\php\pear
input_encodingno valueno value
internal_encodingno valueno value
log_errorsOnOn
log_errors_max_len10241024
mail.add_x_headerOnOn
mail.force_extra_parametersno valueno value
mail.logno valueno value
max_execution_time180180
max_file_uploads200200
max_input_nesting_level6464
max_input_time6060
max_input_vars10001000
memory_limit128M128M
open_basedirno valueno value
output_buffering40964096
output_encodingno valueno value
output_handlerno valueno value
post_max_size200M200M
precision1414
realpath_cache_size16K16K
realpath_cache_ttl120120
register_argc_argvOffOff
report_memleaksOnOn
report_zend_debugOnOn
request_orderCGPCGP
sendmail_fromno valueno value
sendmail_pathno valueno value
serialize_precision1717
short_open_tagOnOn
SMTPlocalhostlocalhost
smtp_port2525
sql.safe_modeOffOff
sys_temp_dirno valueno value
track_errorsOffOff
unserialize_callback_funcno valueno value
upload_max_filesize200M200M
upload_tmp_dirD:\PHPWEB\php\temp\D:\PHPWEB\php\temp\
user_dirno valueno value
user_ini.cache_ttl300300
user_ini.filename.user.ini.user.ini
variables_orderGPCSGPCS
windows.show_crt_warningOffOff
xmlrpc_error_number00
xmlrpc_errorsOffOff
zend.detect_unicodeOnOn
zend.enable_gcOnOn
zend.multibyteOffOff
zend.script_encodingno valueno value

ctype

ctype functions enabled

curl

cURL support enabled
cURL Information 7.59.0
Age 4
Features
AsynchDNS Yes
CharConv No
Debug No
GSS-Negotiate No
IDN Yes
IPv6 Yes
krb4 No
Largefile Yes
libz Yes
NTLM Yes
NTLMWB No
SPNEGO Yes
SSL Yes
SSPI Yes
TLS-SRP No
Protocols dict, file, ftp, ftps, gopher, http, https, imap, imaps, ldap, pop3, pop3s, rtsp, scp, sftp, smb, smbs, smtp, smtps, telnet, tftp
Host x86_64-pc-win32
SSL Version OpenSSL/1.0.2q
ZLib Version 1.2.7.3
libSSH Version libssh2/1.8.0

date

date/time support enabled
"Olson" Timezone Database Version 2016.10
Timezone Database internal
Default timezone PRC
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
date.default_latitude31.766731.7667
date.default_longitude35.233335.2333
date.sunrise_zenith90.58333390.583333
date.sunset_zenith90.58333390.583333
date.timezonePRCPRC

dom

DOM/XML enabled
DOM/XML API Version 20031129
libxml Version 2.9.4
HTML Support enabled
XPath Support enabled
XPointer Support enabled
Schema Support enabled
RelaxNG Support enabled

ereg

Regex Library Bundled library enabled

exif

EXIF Support enabled
EXIF Version 1.4 $Id: cad29b729548e4206f0697710cc9e177f26fdff3 $
Supported EXIF Version 0220
Supported filetypes JPEG,TIFF
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
exif.decode_jis_intelJISJIS
exif.decode_jis_motorolaJISJIS
exif.decode_unicode_intelUCS-2LEUCS-2LE
exif.decode_unicode_motorolaUCS-2BEUCS-2BE
exif.encode_jisno valueno value
exif.encode_unicodeISO-8859-15ISO-8859-15

filter

Input Validation and Filtering enabled
Revision $Id: 5b79667bd9a68977a9b4f7505223a8e216e04908 $
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
filter.defaultunsafe_rawunsafe_raw
filter.default_flagsno valueno value

ftp

FTP support enabled

gd

GD Support enabled
GD Version bundled (2.1.0 compatible)
FreeType Support enabled
FreeType Linkage with freetype
FreeType Version 2.7.0
GIF Read Support enabled
GIF Create Support enabled
JPEG Support enabled
libJPEG Version 9 compatible
PNG Support enabled
libPNG Version 1.5.26
WBMP Support enabled
XPM Support enabled
libXpm Version 30512
XBM Support enabled
WebP Support enabled
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
gd.jpeg_ignore_warning00

hash

hash support enabled
Hashing Engines md2 md4 md5 sha1 sha224 sha256 sha384 sha512 ripemd128 ripemd160 ripemd256 ripemd320 whirlpool tiger128,3 tiger160,3 tiger192,3 tiger128,4 tiger160,4 tiger192,4 snefru snefru256 gost gost-crypto adler32 crc32 crc32b fnv132 fnv1a32 fnv164 fnv1a64 joaat haval128,3 haval160,3 haval192,3 haval224,3 haval256,3 haval128,4 haval160,4 haval192,4 haval224,4 haval256,4 haval128,5 haval160,5 haval192,5 haval224,5 haval256,5

iconv

iconv support enabled
iconv implementation "libiconv"
iconv library version 1.14
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
iconv.input_encodingno valueno value
iconv.internal_encodingno valueno value
iconv.output_encodingno valueno value

json

json support enabled
json version 1.2.1

libxml

libXML support active
libXML Compiled Version 2.9.4
libXML Loaded Version 20904
libXML streams enabled

mbstring

Multibyte Support enabled
Multibyte string engine libmbfl
HTTP input encoding translation disabled
libmbfl version 1.3.2
mbstring extension makes use of "streamable kanji code filter and converter", which is distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1.
Multibyte (japanese) regex support enabled
Multibyte regex (oniguruma) version 5.9.5
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
mbstring.detect_orderno valueno value
mbstring.encoding_translationOffOff
mbstring.func_overload00
mbstring.http_inputno valueno value
mbstring.http_outputno valueno value
mbstring.http_output_conv_mimetypes^(text/|application/xhtml\+xml)^(text/|application/xhtml\+xml)
mbstring.internal_encodingno valueno value
mbstring.languageneutralneutral
mbstring.strict_detectionOffOff
mbstring.substitute_characterno valueno value

mcrypt

mcrypt supportenabled
mcrypt_filter supportenabled
Version 2.5.8
Api No 20021217
Supported ciphers cast-128 gost rijndael-128 twofish cast-256 loki97 rijndael-192 saferplus wake blowfish-compat des rijndael-256 serpent xtea blowfish enigma rc2 tripledes arcfour
Supported modes cbc cfb ctr ecb ncfb nofb ofb stream
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
mcrypt.algorithms_dirno valueno value
mcrypt.modes_dirno valueno value

mhash

MHASH support Enabled
MHASH API Version Emulated Support

mysql

MySQL Supportenabled
Active Persistent Links 0
Active Links 1
Client API version mysqlnd 5.0.11-dev - 20120503 - $Id: 76b08b24596e12d4553bd41fc93cccd5bac2fe7a $
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
mysql.allow_local_infileOnOn
mysql.allow_persistentOnOn
mysql.connect_timeout6060
mysql.default_hostno valueno value
mysql.default_passwordno valueno value
mysql.default_portno valueno value
mysql.default_socketno valueno value
mysql.default_userno valueno value
mysql.max_linksUnlimitedUnlimited
mysql.max_persistentUnlimitedUnlimited
mysql.trace_modeOffOff

mysqli

MysqlI Supportenabled
Client API library version mysqlnd 5.0.11-dev - 20120503 - $Id: 76b08b24596e12d4553bd41fc93cccd5bac2fe7a $
Active Persistent Links 0
Inactive Persistent Links 0
Active Links 0
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
mysqli.allow_local_infileOnOn
mysqli.allow_persistentOnOn
mysqli.default_hostno valueno value
mysqli.default_port33063306
mysqli.default_pwno valueno value
mysqli.default_socketno valueno value
mysqli.default_userno valueno value
mysqli.max_linksUnlimitedUnlimited
mysqli.max_persistentUnlimitedUnlimited
mysqli.reconnectOffOff
mysqli.rollback_on_cached_plinkOffOff

mysqlnd

mysqlndenabled
Version mysqlnd 5.0.11-dev - 20120503 - $Id: 76b08b24596e12d4553bd41fc93cccd5bac2fe7a $
Compression supported
core SSL supported
extended SSL not supported
Command buffer size 4096
Read buffer size 32768
Read timeout 31536000
Collecting statistics Yes
Collecting memory statistics No
Tracing n/a
Loaded plugins mysqlnd,debug_trace,auth_plugin_mysql_native_password,auth_plugin_mysql_clear_password
API Extensions mysql,mysqli,pdo_mysql
mysqlnd statistics
bytes_sent 246416
bytes_received 4910343
packets_sent 5598
packets_received 53854
protocol_overhead_in 215416
protocol_overhead_out 22392
bytes_received_ok_packet 0
bytes_received_eof_packet 0
bytes_received_rset_header_packet 21681
bytes_received_rset_field_meta_packet 0
bytes_received_rset_row_packet 15857
bytes_received_prepare_response_packet 2210028
bytes_received_change_user_packet 2642724
packets_sent_command 2687
packets_received_ok 0
packets_received_eof 0
packets_received_rset_header 2409
packets_received_rset_field_meta 0
packets_received_rset_row 2520
packets_received_prepare_response 31918
packets_received_change_user 16783
result_set_queries 2353
non_result_set_queries 167
no_index_used 1664
bad_index_used 0
slow_queries 0
buffered_sets 2353
unbuffered_sets 0
ps_buffered_sets 0
ps_unbuffered_sets 0
flushed_normal_sets 0
flushed_ps_sets 0
ps_prepared_never_executed 0
ps_prepared_once_executed 0
rows_fetched_from_server_normal 14430
rows_fetched_from_server_ps 0
rows_buffered_from_client_normal 14430
rows_buffered_from_client_ps 0
rows_fetched_from_client_normal_buffered 14430
rows_fetched_from_client_normal_unbuffered 0
rows_fetched_from_client_ps_buffered 0
rows_fetched_from_client_ps_unbuffered 0
rows_fetched_from_client_ps_cursor 0
rows_affected_normal 51
rows_affected_ps 0
rows_skipped_normal 14430
rows_skipped_ps 0
copy_on_write_saved 97439
copy_on_write_performed 83437
command_buffer_too_small 0
connect_success 56
connect_failure 0
connection_reused 0
reconnect 0
pconnect_success 0
active_connections 18446744073709551562
active_persistent_connections 0
explicit_close 55
implicit_close 0
disconnect_close 0
in_middle_of_command_close 0
explicit_free_result 2352
implicit_free_result 0
explicit_stmt_close 0
implicit_stmt_close 0
mem_emalloc_count 0
mem_emalloc_amount 0
mem_ecalloc_count 0
mem_ecalloc_amount 0
mem_erealloc_count 0
mem_erealloc_amount 0
mem_efree_count 0
mem_efree_amount 0
mem_malloc_count 0
mem_malloc_amount 0
mem_calloc_count 0
mem_calloc_amount 0
mem_realloc_count 0
mem_realloc_amount 0
mem_free_count 0
mem_free_amount 0
mem_estrndup_count 0
mem_strndup_count 0
mem_estndup_count 0
mem_strdup_count 0
proto_text_fetched_null 0
proto_text_fetched_bit 0
proto_text_fetched_tinyint 11699
proto_text_fetched_short 41030
proto_text_fetched_int24 2690
proto_text_fetched_int 2882
proto_text_fetched_bigint 4
proto_text_fetched_decimal 0
proto_text_fetched_float 0
proto_text_fetched_double 0
proto_text_fetched_date 0
proto_text_fetched_year 0
proto_text_fetched_time 0
proto_text_fetched_datetime 0
proto_text_fetched_timestamp 0
proto_text_fetched_string 98003
proto_text_fetched_blob 0
proto_text_fetched_enum 12082
proto_text_fetched_set 0
proto_text_fetched_geometry 0
proto_text_fetched_other 0
proto_binary_fetched_null 0
proto_binary_fetched_bit 0
proto_binary_fetched_tinyint 0
proto_binary_fetched_short 0
proto_binary_fetched_int24 0
proto_binary_fetched_int 0
proto_binary_fetched_bigint 0
proto_binary_fetched_decimal 0
proto_binary_fetched_float 0
proto_binary_fetched_double 0
proto_binary_fetched_date 0
proto_binary_fetched_year 0
proto_binary_fetched_time 0
proto_binary_fetched_datetime 0
proto_binary_fetched_timestamp 0
proto_binary_fetched_string 0
proto_binary_fetched_json 0
proto_binary_fetched_blob 0
proto_binary_fetched_enum 0
proto_binary_fetched_set 0
proto_binary_fetched_geometry 0
proto_binary_fetched_other 0
init_command_executed_count 0
init_command_failed_count 0
com_quit 55
com_init_db 56
com_query 2520
com_field_list 0
com_create_db 0
com_drop_db 0
com_refresh 0
com_shutdown 0
com_statistics 0
com_process_info 0
com_connect 0
com_process_kill 0
com_debug 0
com_ping 0
com_time 0
com_delayed_insert 0
com_change_user 0
com_binlog_dump 0
com_table_dump 0
com_connect_out 0
com_register_slave 0
com_stmt_prepare 0
com_stmt_execute 0
com_stmt_send_long_data 0
com_stmt_close 0
com_stmt_reset 0
com_stmt_set_option 56
com_stmt_fetch 0
com_deamon 0
bytes_received_real_data_normal 2393236
bytes_received_real_data_ps 0

odbc

ODBC Supportenabled
Active Persistent Links 0
Active Links 0
ODBC library Win32
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
odbc.allow_persistentOnOn
odbc.check_persistentOnOn
odbc.default_cursortypeStatic cursorStatic cursor
odbc.default_dbno valueno value
odbc.default_pwno valueno value
odbc.default_userno valueno value
odbc.defaultbinmodereturn as isreturn as is
odbc.defaultlrlreturn up to 4096 bytesreturn up to 4096 bytes
odbc.max_linksUnlimitedUnlimited
odbc.max_persistentUnlimitedUnlimited

openssl

OpenSSL support enabled
OpenSSL Library Version OpenSSL 1.0.2q 20 Nov 2018
OpenSSL Header Version OpenSSL 1.0.2q 20 Nov 2018
Openssl default config c:/usr/local/ssl/openssl.cnf
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
openssl.cafileno valueno value
openssl.capathno valueno value

pcre

PCRE (Perl Compatible Regular Expressions) Support enabled
PCRE Library Version 8.38 2015-11-23
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
pcre.backtrack_limit10000001000000
pcre.recursion_limit100000100000

PDO

PDO supportenabled
PDO drivers mysql, odbc, pgsql, sqlite

pdo_mysql

PDO Driver for MySQLenabled
Client API version mysqlnd 5.0.11-dev - 20120503 - $Id: 76b08b24596e12d4553bd41fc93cccd5bac2fe7a $

PDO_ODBC

PDO Driver for ODBC (Win32)enabled
ODBC Connection Pooling Enabled, strict matching

pdo_pgsql

PDO Driver for PostgreSQLenabled
PostgreSQL(libpq) Version 9.6.2
Module version 1.0.2
Revision $Id: 0e858dd2051ca8c2fd3c781909a0670ab5fecd36 $

pdo_sqlite

PDO Driver for SQLite 3.xenabled
SQLite Library 3.8.10.2

pgsql

PostgreSQL Supportenabled
PostgreSQL(libpq) Version 9.6.2
PostgreSQL(libpq) PostgreSQL 9.6.2 (win32)
Multibyte character support enabled
SSL support enabled
Active Persistent Links 0
Active Links 0
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
pgsql.allow_persistentOnOn
pgsql.auto_reset_persistentOffOff
pgsql.ignore_noticeOffOff
pgsql.log_noticeOffOff
pgsql.max_linksUnlimitedUnlimited
pgsql.max_persistentUnlimitedUnlimited

Phar

Phar: PHP Archive supportenabled
Phar EXT version 2.0.2
Phar API version 1.1.1
SVN revision $Id: 6e5cec2462a6ded53d4379ea9a69487a60d5c43c $
Phar-based phar archives enabled
Tar-based phar archives enabled
ZIP-based phar archives enabled
gzip compression enabled
bzip2 compression enabled
OpenSSL support enabled
Phar based on pear/PHP_Archive, original concept by Davey Shafik.
Phar fully realized by Gregory Beaver and Marcus Boerger.
Portions of tar implementation Copyright (c) 2003-2009 Tim Kientzle.
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
phar.cache_listno valueno value
phar.readonlyOnOn
phar.require_hashOnOn

Reflection

Reflectionenabled
Version $Id: 5f15287237d5f78d75b19c26915aa7bd83dee8b8 $

session

Session Support enabled
Registered save handlers files user
Registered serializer handlers php_serialize php php_binary wddx
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
session.auto_startOffOff
session.cache_expire180180
session.cache_limiternocachenocache
session.cookie_domainno valueno value
session.cookie_httponlyOffOff
session.cookie_lifetime00
session.cookie_path//
session.cookie_secureOffOff
session.entropy_fileno valueno value
session.entropy_length00
session.gc_divisor10001000
session.gc_maxlifetime14401440
session.gc_probability11
session.hash_bits_per_character55
session.hash_function00
session.namePHPSESSIDPHPSESSID
session.referer_checkno valueno value
session.save_handlerfilesfiles
session.save_pathD:\PHPWEB\php\temp\D:\PHPWEB\php\temp\
session.serialize_handlerphpphp
session.upload_progress.cleanupOnOn
session.upload_progress.enabledOnOn
session.upload_progress.freq1%1%
session.upload_progress.min_freq11
session.upload_progress.namePHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESSPHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS
session.upload_progress.prefixupload_progress_upload_progress_
session.use_cookiesOnOn
session.use_only_cookiesOnOn
session.use_strict_modeOffOff
session.use_trans_sid00

SimpleXML

Simplexml supportenabled
Revision $Id: d7077fc935154236afb4fe70814ba358efdbdca4 $
Schema support enabled

SPL

SPL supportenabled
Interfaces Countable, OuterIterator, RecursiveIterator, SeekableIterator, SplObserver, SplSubject
Classes AppendIterator, ArrayIterator, ArrayObject, BadFunctionCallException, BadMethodCallException, CachingIterator, CallbackFilterIterator, DirectoryIterator, DomainException, EmptyIterator, FilesystemIterator, FilterIterator, GlobIterator, InfiniteIterator, InvalidArgumentException, IteratorIterator, LengthException, LimitIterator, LogicException, MultipleIterator, NoRewindIterator, OutOfBoundsException, OutOfRangeException, OverflowException, ParentIterator, RangeException, RecursiveArrayIterator, RecursiveCachingIterator, RecursiveCallbackFilterIterator, RecursiveDirectoryIterator, RecursiveFilterIterator, RecursiveIteratorIterator, RecursiveRegexIterator, RecursiveTreeIterator, RegexIterator, RuntimeException, SplDoublyLinkedList, SplFileInfo, SplFileObject, SplFixedArray, SplHeap, SplMinHeap, SplMaxHeap, SplObjectStorage, SplPriorityQueue, SplQueue, SplStack, SplTempFileObject, UnderflowException, UnexpectedValueException

sqlite3

SQLite3 supportenabled
SQLite3 module version 0.7-dev
SQLite Library 3.8.10.2
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
sqlite3.extension_dirno valueno value

standard

Dynamic Library Support enabled
Internal Sendmail Support for Windows enabled
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
assert.active11
assert.bail00
assert.callbackno valueno value
assert.quiet_eval00
assert.warning11
auto_detect_line_endings00
default_socket_timeout6060
fromno valueno value
url_rewriter.tagsa=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentrya=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry
user_agentno valueno value

tokenizer

Tokenizer Support enabled

wddx

WDDX Supportenabled
WDDX Session Serializer enabled

xml

XML Support active
XML Namespace Support active
libxml2 Version 2.9.4

xmlreader

XMLReader enabled

xmlwriter

XMLWriter enabled

zip

Zip enabled
Zip version 1.12.5
Libzip version 0.11.2

zlib

ZLib Supportenabled
Stream Wrapper compress.zlib://
Stream Filter zlib.inflate, zlib.deflate
Compiled Version 1.2.7.3
Linked Version 1.2.7.3
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
zlib.output_compressionOffOff
zlib.output_compression_level-1-1
zlib.output_handlerno valueno value

Additional Modules

Module Name

Environment

VariableValue
_FCGI_X_PIPE_ \\.\pipe\IISFCGI-ed4fdda4-67d3-477f-a984-cff95a5ccdd7
PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS 10000
ALLUSERSPROFILE C:\ProgramData
APPDATA C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Roaming
APP_POOL_CONFIG C:\inetpub\temp\apppools\wwwroot\wwwroot.config
APP_POOL_ID wwwroot
CommonProgramFiles C:\Program Files\Common Files
CommonProgramFiles(x86) C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files
CommonProgramW6432 C:\Program Files\Common Files
COMPUTERNAME iZ4r4b31413jd2Z
ComSpec C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
LOCALAPPDATA C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local
NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS 2
OS Windows_NT
Path C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\110\DTS\Binn\;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\;D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\ManagementStudio\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Common7\IDE\PrivateAssemblies\;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\DTS\Binn\;C:\sslctlw;C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps
PATHEXT .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC
PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE AMD64
PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER Intel64 Family 6 Model 85 Stepping 4, GenuineIntel
PROCESSOR_LEVEL 6
PROCESSOR_REVISION 5504
ProgramData C:\ProgramData
ProgramFiles C:\Program Files
ProgramFiles(x86) C:\Program Files (x86)
ProgramW6432 C:\Program Files
PSModulePath C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules;C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\PowerShell\Modules\
PUBLIC C:\Users\Public
SystemDrive C:
SystemRoot C:\Windows
TEMP C:\Windows\TEMP
TMP C:\Windows\TEMP
USERDOMAIN WORKGROUP
USERNAME iZ4r4b31413jd2Z$
USERPROFILE C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile
windir C:\Windows

PHP Variables

VariableValue
_REQUEST["aid"]10771
_REQUEST["_URL_"]
Array
(
    [0] => index
    [1] => view
    [2] => aid
    [3] => 10771
)
_GET["aid"]10771
_GET["_URL_"]
Array
(
    [0] => index
    [1] => view
    [2] => aid
    [3] => 10771
)
_SERVER["_FCGI_X_PIPE_"]\\.\pipe\IISFCGI-ed4fdda4-67d3-477f-a984-cff95a5ccdd7
_SERVER["PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS"]10000
_SERVER["ALLUSERSPROFILE"]C:\ProgramData
_SERVER["APPDATA"]C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Roaming
_SERVER["APP_POOL_CONFIG"]C:\inetpub\temp\apppools\wwwroot\wwwroot.config
_SERVER["APP_POOL_ID"]wwwroot
_SERVER["CommonProgramFiles"]C:\Program Files\Common Files
_SERVER["CommonProgramFiles(x86)"]C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files
_SERVER["CommonProgramW6432"]C:\Program Files\Common Files
_SERVER["COMPUTERNAME"]iZ4r4b31413jd2Z
_SERVER["ComSpec"]C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
_SERVER["LOCALAPPDATA"]C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local
_SERVER["NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS"]2
_SERVER["OS"]Windows_NT
_SERVER["Path"]C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\110\DTS\Binn\;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\;D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\ManagementStudio\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Common7\IDE\PrivateAssemblies\;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\DTS\Binn\;C:\sslctlw;C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps
_SERVER["PATHEXT"].COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC
_SERVER["PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE"]AMD64
_SERVER["PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER"]Intel64 Family 6 Model 85 Stepping 4, GenuineIntel
_SERVER["PROCESSOR_LEVEL"]6
_SERVER["PROCESSOR_REVISION"]5504
_SERVER["ProgramData"]C:\ProgramData
_SERVER["ProgramFiles"]C:\Program Files
_SERVER["ProgramFiles(x86)"]C:\Program Files (x86)
_SERVER["ProgramW6432"]C:\Program Files
_SERVER["PSModulePath"]C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules;C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\PowerShell\Modules\
_SERVER["PUBLIC"]C:\Users\Public
_SERVER["SystemDrive"]C:
_SERVER["SystemRoot"]C:\Windows
_SERVER["TEMP"]C:\Windows\TEMP
_SERVER["TMP"]C:\Windows\TEMP
_SERVER["USERDOMAIN"]WORKGROUP
_SERVER["USERNAME"]iZ4r4b31413jd2Z$
_SERVER["USERPROFILE"]C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile
_SERVER["windir"]C:\Windows
_SERVER["ORIG_PATH_INFO"]/index.php/index-view-aid-10771.html
_SERVER["URL"]/index.php
_SERVER["SERVER_SOFTWARE"]Microsoft-IIS/10.0
_SERVER["SERVER_PROTOCOL"]HTTP/1.1
_SERVER["SERVER_PORT_SECURE"]1
_SERVER["SERVER_PORT"]443
_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"]yyjg.net
_SERVER["SCRIPT_NAME"]/index.php
_SERVER["SCRIPT_FILENAME"]D:\wwwroot\yyjg.net\wwwroot\index.php
_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]/index.php/index-view-aid-10771.html
_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"]GET
_SERVER["REMOTE_USER"]no value
_SERVER["REMOTE_PORT"]37151
_SERVER["REMOTE_HOST"]216.73.216.32
_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"]216.73.216.32
_SERVER["QUERY_STRING"]no value
_SERVER["PATH_TRANSLATED"]D:\wwwroot\yyjg.net\wwwroot\index.php\index-view-aid-10771.html
_SERVER["PATH_INFO"]/index-view-aid-10771
_SERVER["LOGON_USER"]no value
_SERVER["LOCAL_ADDR"]172.16.121.93
_SERVER["INSTANCE_META_PATH"]/LM/W3SVC/1
_SERVER["INSTANCE_NAME"]WWWROOT
_SERVER["INSTANCE_ID"]1
_SERVER["HTTPS_SERVER_SUBJECT"]CN=www.yyjg.net
_SERVER["HTTPS_SERVER_ISSUER"]C=PL, O=Asseco Data Systems S.A., CN=Certum DV TLS G2 R39 CA
_SERVER["HTTPS_SECRETKEYSIZE"]2048
_SERVER["HTTPS_KEYSIZE"]256
_SERVER["HTTPS"]on
_SERVER["GATEWAY_INTERFACE"]CGI/1.1
_SERVER["DOCUMENT_ROOT"]D:\wwwroot\yyjg.net\wwwroot
_SERVER["CONTENT_TYPE"]no value
_SERVER["CONTENT_LENGTH"]0
_SERVER["CERT_SUBJECT"]no value
_SERVER["CERT_SERIALNUMBER"]no value
_SERVER["CERT_ISSUER"]no value
_SERVER["CERT_FLAGS"]no value
_SERVER["CERT_COOKIE"]no value
_SERVER["AUTH_USER"]no value
_SERVER["AUTH_PASSWORD"]no value
_SERVER["AUTH_TYPE"]no value
_SERVER["APPL_PHYSICAL_PATH"]D:\wwwroot\yyjg.net\wwwroot\
_SERVER["APPL_MD_PATH"]/LM/W3SVC/1/ROOT
_SERVER["IIS_UrlRewriteModule"]7.1.0871.0
_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"]Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)
_SERVER["HTTP_HOST"]yyjg.net
_SERVER["HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING"]gzip, br, zstd, deflate
_SERVER["HTTP_ACCEPT"]*/*
_SERVER["HTTP_CONNECTION"]close
_SERVER["FCGI_ROLE"]RESPONDER
_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]/index.php/index-view-aid-10771.html
_SERVER["REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT"]1789292273.8213
_SERVER["REQUEST_TIME"]1789292273

PHP Credits

PHP Group
Thies C. Arntzen, Stig Bakken, Shane Caraveo, Andi Gutmans, Rasmus Lerdorf, Sam Ruby, Sascha Schumann, Zeev Suraski, Jim Winstead, Andrei Zmievski
Language Design & Concept
Andi Gutmans, Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski, Marcus Boerger
PHP Authors
ContributionAuthors
Zend Scripting Language Engine Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski, Stanislav Malyshev, Marcus Boerger, Dmitry Stogov, Xinchen Hui, Nikita Popov
Extension Module API Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski, Andrei Zmievski
UNIX Build and Modularization Stig Bakken, Sascha Schumann, Jani Taskinen
Windows Port Shane Caraveo, Zeev Suraski, Wez Furlong, Pierre-Alain Joye, Anatol Belski
Server API (SAPI) Abstraction Layer Andi Gutmans, Shane Caraveo, Zeev Suraski
Streams Abstraction Layer Wez Furlong, Sara Golemon
PHP Data Objects Layer Wez Furlong, Marcus Boerger, Sterling Hughes, George Schlossnagle, Ilia Alshanetsky
Output Handler Zeev Suraski, Thies C. Arntzen, Marcus Boerger, Michael Wallner
SAPI Modules
ContributionAuthors
AOLserver Sascha Schumann
Apache 1.3 (apache_hooks) Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski, Stig Bakken, David Sklar, George Schlossnagle, Lukas Schroeder
Apache 1.3 Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski, Stig Bakken, David Sklar
Apache 2.0 Filter Sascha Schumann, Aaron Bannert
Apache 2.0 Handler Ian Holsman, Justin Erenkrantz (based on Apache 2.0 Filter code)
Caudium / Roxen David Hedbor
CGI / FastCGI Rasmus Lerdorf, Stig Bakken, Shane Caraveo, Dmitry Stogov
CLI Edin Kadribasic, Marcus Boerger, Johannes Schlueter, Moriyoshi Koizumi, Xinchen Hui
Continuity Alex Leigh (based on nsapi code)
Embed Edin Kadribasic
FastCGI Process Manager Andrei Nigmatulin, dreamcat4, Antony Dovgal, Jerome Loyet
ISAPI Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski
litespeed George Wang
NSAPI Jayakumar Muthukumarasamy, Uwe Schindler
phpdbg Felipe Pena, Joe Watkins, Bob Weinand
phttpd Thies C. Arntzen
pi3web Holger Zimmermann
Sendmail Milter Harald Radi
thttpd Sascha Schumann
tux Sascha Schumann
WebJames Alex Waugh
Module Authors
ModuleAuthors
BC Math Andi Gutmans
Bzip2 Sterling Hughes
Calendar Shane Caraveo, Colin Viebrock, Hartmut Holzgraefe, Wez Furlong
COM and .Net Wez Furlong
ctype Hartmut Holzgraefe
cURL Sterling Hughes
Date/Time Support Derick Rethans
DB-LIB (MS SQL, Sybase) Wez Furlong, Frank M. Kromann
DBA Sascha Schumann, Marcus Boerger
DOM Christian Stocker, Rob Richards, Marcus Boerger
enchant Pierre-Alain Joye, Ilia Alshanetsky
ereg Rasmus Lerdorf, Jim Winstead, Jaakko Hyvätti
EXIF Rasmus Lerdorf, Marcus Boerger
fileinfo Ilia Alshanetsky, Pierre Alain Joye, Scott MacVicar, Derick Rethans
Firebird driver for PDO Ard Biesheuvel
FTP Stefan Esser, Andrew Skalski
GD imaging Rasmus Lerdorf, Stig Bakken, Jim Winstead, Jouni Ahto, Ilia Alshanetsky, Pierre-Alain Joye, Marcus Boerger
GetText Alex Plotnick
GNU GMP support Stanislav Malyshev
Iconv Rui Hirokawa, Stig Bakken, Moriyoshi Koizumi
IMAP Rex Logan, Mark Musone, Brian Wang, Kaj-Michael Lang, Antoni Pamies Olive, Rasmus Lerdorf, Andrew Skalski, Chuck Hagenbuch, Daniel R Kalowsky
Input Filter Rasmus Lerdorf, Derick Rethans, Pierre-Alain Joye, Ilia Alshanetsky
InterBase Jouni Ahto, Andrew Avdeev, Ard Biesheuvel
Internationalization Ed Batutis, Vladimir Iordanov, Dmitry Lakhtyuk, Stanislav Malyshev, Vadim Savchuk, Kirti Velankar
JSON Omar Kilani, Scott MacVicar
LDAP Amitay Isaacs, Eric Warnke, Rasmus Lerdorf, Gerrit Thomson, Stig Venaas
LIBXML Christian Stocker, Rob Richards, Marcus Boerger, Wez Furlong, Shane Caraveo
mcrypt Sascha Schumann, Derick Rethans
MS SQL Frank M. Kromann
Multibyte String Functions Tsukada Takuya, Rui Hirokawa
MySQL driver for PDO George Schlossnagle, Wez Furlong, Ilia Alshanetsky, Johannes Schlueter
MySQL Zeev Suraski, Zak Greant, Georg Richter, Andrey Hristov
MySQLi Zak Greant, Georg Richter, Andrey Hristov, Ulf Wendel
MySQLnd Andrey Hristov, Ulf Wendel, Georg Richter, Johannes Schlüter
OCI8 Stig Bakken, Thies C. Arntzen, Andy Sautins, David Benson, Maxim Maletsky, Harald Radi, Antony Dovgal, Andi Gutmans, Wez Furlong, Christopher Jones, Oracle Corporation
ODBC driver for PDO Wez Furlong
ODBC Stig Bakken, Andreas Karajannis, Frank M. Kromann, Daniel R. Kalowsky
OpenSSL Stig Venaas, Wez Furlong, Sascha Kettler, Scott MacVicar
Oracle (OCI) driver for PDO Wez Furlong
pcntl Jason Greene, Arnaud Le Blanc
Perl Compatible Regexps Andrei Zmievski
PHP Archive Gregory Beaver, Marcus Boerger
PHP Data Objects Wez Furlong, Marcus Boerger, Sterling Hughes, George Schlossnagle, Ilia Alshanetsky
PHP hash Sara Golemon, Rasmus Lerdorf, Stefan Esser, Michael Wallner, Scott MacVicar
Posix Kristian Koehntopp
PostgreSQL driver for PDO Edin Kadribasic, Ilia Alshanetsky
PostgreSQL Jouni Ahto, Zeev Suraski, Yasuo Ohgaki, Chris Kings-Lynne
Pspell Vlad Krupin
Readline Thies C. Arntzen
Recode Kristian Koehntopp
Reflection Marcus Boerger, Timm Friebe, George Schlossnagle, Andrei Zmievski, Johannes Schlueter
Sessions Sascha Schumann, Andrei Zmievski
Shared Memory Operations Slava Poliakov, Ilia Alshanetsky
SimpleXML Sterling Hughes, Marcus Boerger, Rob Richards
SNMP Rasmus Lerdorf, Harrie Hazewinkel, Mike Jackson, Steven Lawrance, Johann Hanne, Boris Lytochkin
SOAP Brad Lafountain, Shane Caraveo, Dmitry Stogov
Sockets Chris Vandomelen, Sterling Hughes, Daniel Beulshausen, Jason Greene
SPL Marcus Boerger, Etienne Kneuss
SQLite 3.x driver for PDO Wez Furlong
SQLite3 Scott MacVicar, Ilia Alshanetsky, Brad Dewar
Sybase-CT Zeev Suraski, Tom May, Timm Friebe
System V Message based IPC Wez Furlong
System V Semaphores Tom May
System V Shared Memory Christian Cartus
tidy John Coggeshall, Ilia Alshanetsky
tokenizer Andrei Zmievski, Johannes Schlueter
WDDX Andrei Zmievski
XML Stig Bakken, Thies C. Arntzen, Sterling Hughes
XMLReader Rob Richards
xmlrpc Dan Libby
XMLWriter Rob Richards, Pierre-Alain Joye
XSL Christian Stocker, Rob Richards
Zip Pierre-Alain Joye, Remi Collet
Zlib Rasmus Lerdorf, Stefan Roehrich, Zeev Suraski, Jade Nicoletti, Michael Wallner
PHP Documentation
Authors Mehdi Achour, Friedhelm Betz, Antony Dovgal, Nuno Lopes, Hannes Magnusson, Georg Richter, Damien Seguy, Jakub Vrana, Adam Harvey, Peter Cowburn
Editor Philip Olson
User Note Maintainers Daniel P. Brown, Thiago Henrique Pojda
Other Contributors Previously active authors, editors and other contributors are listed in the manual.
PHP Quality Assurance Team
Ilia Alshanetsky, Joerg Behrens, Antony Dovgal, Stefan Esser, Moriyoshi Koizumi, Magnus Maatta, Sebastian Nohn, Derick Rethans, Melvyn Sopacua, Jani Taskinen, Pierre-Alain Joye, Dmitry Stogov, Felipe Pena, David Soria Parra, Stanislav Malyshev, Julien Pauli, Stephen Zarkos, Anatol Belski, Remi Collet, Ferenc Kovacs
Websites and Infrastructure team
PHP Websites Team Rasmus Lerdorf, Hannes Magnusson, Philip Olson, Lukas Kahwe Smith, Pierre-Alain Joye, Kalle Sommer Nielsen, Peter Cowburn, Adam Harvey, Ferenc Kovacs, Levi Morrison
Event Maintainers Damien Seguy, Daniel P. Brown
Network Infrastructure Daniel P. Brown
Windows Infrastructure Alex Schoenmaker

PHP License

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the PHP License as published by the PHP Group and included in the distribution in the file: LICENSE

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

If you did not receive a copy of the PHP license, or have any questions about PHP licensing, please contact license@php.net.

医院经营管理网

医管智库MEDICAL TUBE

首页>医管智库>运营管理
我国医院体制改革与融资模式研究
提交者:jiuding 发表时间:2010-8-30 点击次数:3006 来源:本站整理

【摘要】  医院要改变融资困难的处境,体制改革必然是最根本的途径。对医院现有体制改革的必要性进行了分析,并在此基础上指出了公立医院体制改革的方向及意义,同时对医院在医疗体制改革之后的融资模式进行了阐述并给出了相应的政策建议。
【关键词】医院  体制改革  融资模式
一、引言
随着社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善,医院竞争日趋激烈,人民群众对医疗需求也日益提高,大量民营医疗机构纷纷涌现,使国有医院面临前所未有的冲击和机遇。如何适应卫生改革新形势的需要,进行医院投融资及资本运作的改革以推动医院的发展,己成为各医院管理者十分关心的问题。目前,影响国有医院快速健康发展的主要原因在于体制改革滞后,而医院体制改革的难点在于产权管理主体的确定。加快公立医院产权制度改革可以明晰产权,优化医疗资源配置,更有效的改革医疗管理体制,为拓宽医院融资渠道提供根本上的支持。
二、公立医院体制改革方向
医院产权制度改革的一个主要的目标就是提高医院的运作效率,这其中就包括融资效率。我国对医院实行分类管理,即营利性医院和非营利性医院。如果参照国外的成功经验,更合理的是分为三类进行管理,即公立医院、非政府所有的非营利性医院和营利性医院。公立医院产权制度可以分为两个层面的改革,一是总体层面,二是个体层面。总体层面的改革,也就是对医院所有权的改革,将会重新规划分配社会的医疗资源,调整不同性质医院在医疗市场中的比例。我国公立医院数量众多,政府难以同时给予如此多的公立医院以足够的财政支持,势必会出现“僧多粥少”的情况,而公立医院与其他性质的医院相比,存在着融资渠道较窄和方式不够灵活的劣势。要维持医院的生存和发展需要,有必要对部分公立医院的所有权做出调整。在对公立医院的产权制度进行改革时,就不能简单地采取出售的方式,在将竞争引入医疗服务市场的同时,还要保证公立医院的主导地位和非营利医院的主体地位。具体分为三种情况。
一是对于那些有优势的公立医院,应该保持其公立的性质,以保证公立医院的主导地位。
二是对于优而无势的公立医院,即拥有良好的技术条件,设备和人员,但规模不大、对本地医疗市场的控制力和影响力不强的医院,可以采取横向、纵向整合或民资、外资参股的方式,以扩大规模、增强竞争优势。具体来说,就是强弱联合或综合医院和专科医院的联合。在正确评估双方医疗资源特别是弱势一方的资本和整合后的市场前景的基础上,这种整合方式能有效的实现双赢的结果。
三是对于处于劣势的公立医院,由于政府已无力经营这些医院,为了盘活国有资产,更有效地利用社会医疗资源,可以采取将这些医院竞价出售,或让民资和外资参股、控股而国有资产股份逐步退出的方式。虽然这些医院改制后,大部分都会变为营利性医院,公益性的色彩有所减弱,但是有资料表明,许多改制医院的服务效率和运营状况都有大幅度改善,较改制前会产生更大的社会效益。
三、体制改革后的融资模式
融资是企业资本运动的起点,也是企业收益分配赖以遵循的基础。足够的资本规模,可以保证医院投资的需要,合理的资本结构,可以降低和规避融资风险,融资方式的妥善搭配,可以降低资本成本。因此,融资活动决定和影响医院整个资本运动的始终。融资机制的形成,直接决定和影响医院的经营活动以及医院财务目标的实现。
现代公司融资理论认为,融资机制的形成,表面上是融资形式的选择,实际上是医院合理确定融资结构、实现医院价值最大化的过程。所有这些,都是由融资工具本身的特征、融资成本和融资风险决定的。融资方式的选择,是医院融资机制的重要内容。融资方式多种多样,按照不同标准,可以划分为内源融资和外源融资、直接融资和间接融资、股票融资和债券融资等。
医院的融资是一个随经济发展由内源融资到外源融资再到内源融资的交替变迁的过程。一个新的医院建立后,主要依靠内源融资。当医院得以生存并发展到一定水平时,利用外源融资可以扩大规模,提高竞能力。当医院资产规模达到一定程度时,医院往往会从融资成本的比较中选择一种更高层次的内源融资方式。实际上,就内源融资和外源融资关系来说,内源融资是最基本的融资方式,没有内源融资,也就无法进行外源融资。内源融资可获得权益资本,医院之所以可以外源融资,首先取决于医院内源融资的规模和比重。内源融资规模大,才能吸引更多的投资者投资,同样也才能获得借入资本。从融资原理分析,医院负债经营,首先是医院自有资本实力的体现,自有资本为医院负债融资提供了信誉保证。而且,经济效益好的医院,投资回报率高,股东收益好,更应注重内源融资。与发达经济国家不同的是,目前,我国医院主要依赖于外源融资而内源融资比例很低,一是以往的旧体制决定了医院对银行贷款的依赖性;二是医院缺乏自我积累的动力和约束力。
直接融资和间接融资方式的选择,是外源融资决策面临的一个主要问题。我国改革开放以前,医院只允许间接融资,而否定直接融资。实际上,能否直接融资主要是取决于国民收入分配制度和医院制度改革。1952-1978年我国采取的是低收入分配加社会福利的政策。低收入集中分配的政策造成了积累主体单一化。直接融资是经济体制改革、国民经济分配结构变化后才出现和可以利用的。直接融资和间接融资的选择,还与一个国家的资本市场发育和金融体制有密切关系。目前,直接融资和间接融资究竟以谁为主,主要有两种模式:一种是以英美为代表的以证券融资方式(直接融资)为主的模式;另一种是以日德为代表的以银行融资方式(间接融资)为主的模式。由于英美是典型的自由主义的市场经济国家。资本市场十分发达.医院行为完全是在市场引导下进行。在美国,曾任美国金融学会会长的著名学者梅耶斯提出的优序融资理论通过实证研究得出的结论是,医院融资的选择,应先依靠内源融资,然后才是外源融资。日德模式的特征是:间接融资为主,银行在金融体系中居主导地位,产融结合,资本市场发展受到抑制。日本的银企关系有着特定的制度安排,即主银行制度,主银行是指对于某医院来说在资本筹措和运用方面容量最大的银行。德国实行主持银行制度,特征与日本主银行制度相似,其存在背景都是资本市场不发达,产权制约较弱。
我国在长时期内形成了医院对财政的依附关系,尽管我国不可能达到美英那样的直接融资比例,也很难确定最佳的融资比例。但提高直接融资比重是必然趋势。发展股票、债券等直接融资形式,改善医院融资结构,将是我国医院融资结构方面的方向性选择。
四、政策建议
我国应加快政府职能的转变,建立与医院间的新型监管关系,形成市场对资本结构的调节选择机制。主要政策建议有以下几方面。
1.逐步缩小政府投资领域和范围,减少对医院微观活动的行政性干预
对公立医院而言,卫生投融资改革在赋予其理应得到的投资决策权的同时,也需要医院承担相应的投资风险,让医院真正根据市场情况进行投资决策和运作;对政府而言,卫生投融资改革是要建立符合市场经济要求的卫生投融资体制,促进政府职能转变,实现政资分开和管办分离,减少对医院微观活动的行政性干预,逐步形成政府和社会共同参与的多元化办医格局,并提高政府卫生投人的适宜性,促进卫生与经济协调发展。在市场经济条件下,政府要减少对医院经济活动特别是投资行为的直接干预,推行法人投资责任制,为公立医院产权制度改革创造条件。政府卫生职能应由微观管理为主向宏观管理为主转变,充分体现政策调节、市场监管、社会管理和公共服务等职能,综合运用规划、经济、行政和法律手段引导和管理市场,履行规划、准入、监管、经济政策调控和信息发布、促进多样化和竞争等职能。政府要为组织和建立基本医疗保障制度而承担筹资者角色,通过财政转移支付,扩大医疗保险制度覆盖面和医疗救助人群,改善居民对基本医疗服务的可及性。国家卫生财政投人方向准确,将能大大改善卫生源配置和使用效率,使政府投入有限资金承担起本应承担的社会职能。除医疗市场涉及公共利益的部分,仍应由国家负责之外,其他领域可让非国有资本进人,当民营资本和外资进人医疗市场后,可以改变目前医疗资源相对集中的局面,打破现实的垄断。当更多的民营资本和外资进入医疗市场后,国家的卫生投人可从大多数人们所非必需的医疗市场中逐渐退出,更多地投向可以保证群众的基本医疗服务,诸如妇幼保健、血站、公共卫生应急系统建设,以及卫生监督、社区基本医疗体系的建设和健康教育、计划生育等方面。
2.完善卫生投融资政策,加强对公立医院经营活动的监管,维护医疗市场公平竞争的环境
政府应创造有利于社会捐赠卫生事业的政策环境,如对捐赠者减免税收等,鼓励社会对卫生事业的捐赠。为支持非营利性医院的发展和鼓励社会资本向非营利性医院的投入,政府应根据社会投资的地区或项目,对社会投资实行有差别的税收优惠政策;对吸收社会投资产生的新技术、新项目,给予一定的定价自主权,以便非营利性医院更好地参与市场竞争。政府要加强对国有非营利性医院和民办非营利性医疗机构财务行为的监管,监督其是否真正非营利,是否承担了其应承担的社会责任,确保非营利性医院提供卫生服务时,以基本医疗服务为主,并将社会投资的经济回报率严格控制在一定的合理合法范围之内,保证其收益主要用于医院发展。政府要制定并尽快颁布非营利性医疗机构管理的有关法律、法规,使非营利性医院的产权性质、设立、经营管理、破产、清产核资、财务审计、资产评估等转制过程中出现的问题有章可循。要制定协调政府卫生、民政、工商、财政、税务、社会保障等部门的相关政策,鼓励医疗机构之间的兼并重组,促进营利、非营利性医疗机构的发展。要完善社会保障体系,解决公立医院转制过程中人员安置问题和转制后人员流动问题,减少转制成本。要根据区域卫生规划,在符合市场经济原则和国际惯例的前提下,对进入医疗行业的社会资本进行宏观调控,监控服务价格、防止价格欺诈等不正当竞争行为。取缔不符合质量要求的卫生服务提供者,维护医疗市场公平竞争的环境。
 
 

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